HOMETechnical Know-HowApplications of Precision ceramic materials History of Materials



History of Materials
In terms of the definition of precision ceramic materials, the history of precision ceramics can be said to have begun in mid-19th century. The period began to witness the rapid development of industries, including the invention of trains and large ships, which demanded large amounts of steel.
Accordingly, such demand prompted the need for large-capacity furnaces, which had never been seen before, and also for the enhancement of quality of fire-resistant materials, the fundamental materials required for making furnaces. Pre-exiting fire-resistant materials then were chiefly composed of fire-resistant clay and therefore were not suitable for manufacturing furnaces because of low-temperature resistance and of severe reaction against liquid iron. In response to the contemporary demand, there emerged a new type of fire-resistant material, namely, neutral and alkaline fire-resistant substances, with high-temperature resistance and high corrosive resistance. These materials greatly differed from previous fire-resistant materials in that (1) artificial raw materials were used; (2) clay was not used for molding methods; and (3) they were made after their properties were forecast. They also marked the beginning of the period of precision ceramic materials.
It was not, however, until the revolutionary advancement of physics in the early 20th century that the age of prosperity of precision ceramic materials began when the quantitative estimation of the properties of all materials.
Such advancement of physics led the unprecedented development of all industries ranging from chemistry to chemical engineering, electronics, metals, as well as ceramic materials. Those industries are continuing their growth and promoting mutual development through the measuring equipment designed on the basis of the theories of basic sciences where the structures of materials and their derivative properties can be quantitatively calculated.